![]() ![]() Surface mining can entail exploration, site preparation, mining, milling, waste management, decommissioning or reclamation, and even abandonment. For example, dredging is occurring in the Beaufort Sea, Canada, in support of hydrocarbon development. Secondary mining impacts range from urban development to support mining to the creation of road networks for exploration activities. Mineral extraction, including dredging, placer, area, mountain-top removal, and contour operations, is only one aspect of mining. However, the nature of land change caused by mining has resulted in long-term disruption of terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and hydrologic systems often with extensive “off-site” impacts, e.g., stream pollution. The total land area in the United States disturbed by mining is small (0.12%) (National Academy of Sciences 1979). In North America, mining-like agriculture, silviculture, transportation, and urbanization is ultimately a transitory use of the land that provides fuels and minerals used in a country’s growth and development. Hutton Junior Fisheries Biology ProgramĮffects of Surface Mining on Aquatic Resources in North AmericaĬlick to download a printable copies of the PDF or DOC:.Latin America & Caribbean Fisheries Congress 2023.Future of the Nation’s Aquatic Resources. ![]()
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